2 Samuel 4:11

Authorized King James Version

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How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his bed? shall I not therefore now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth?

Original Language Analysis

אַ֞ף H637
אַ֞ף
Strong's: H637
Word #: 1 of 21
meaning accession (used as an adverb or conjunction); also or yea; adversatively though
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 2 of 21
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אִישׁ person H376
אִישׁ person
Strong's: H376
Word #: 3 of 21
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
רְשָׁעִ֗ים How much more when wicked H7563
רְשָׁעִ֗ים How much more when wicked
Strong's: H7563
Word #: 4 of 21
morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person
הָֽרְג֧וּ have slain H2026
הָֽרְג֧וּ have slain
Strong's: H2026
Word #: 5 of 21
to smite with deadly intent
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אִישׁ person H376
אִישׁ person
Strong's: H376
Word #: 7 of 21
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
צַדִּ֛יק a righteous H6662
צַדִּ֛יק a righteous
Strong's: H6662
Word #: 8 of 21
just
בְּבֵית֖וֹ in his own house H1004
בְּבֵית֖וֹ in his own house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 9 of 21
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 10 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
מִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ upon his bed H4904
מִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ upon his bed
Strong's: H4904
Word #: 11 of 21
a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse
וְעַתָּ֗ה H6258
וְעַתָּ֗ה
Strong's: H6258
Word #: 12 of 21
at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
הֲל֨וֹא H3808
הֲל֨וֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 13 of 21
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
אֲבַקֵּ֤שׁ shall I not therefore now require H1245
אֲבַקֵּ֤שׁ shall I not therefore now require
Strong's: H1245
Word #: 14 of 21
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 15 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
דָּמוֹ֙ his blood H1818
דָּמוֹ֙ his blood
Strong's: H1818
Word #: 16 of 21
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
מִיֶּדְכֶ֔ם of your hand H3027
מִיֶּדְכֶ֔ם of your hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 17 of 21
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
וּבִֽעַרְתִּ֥י and take you away H1197
וּבִֽעַרְתִּ֥י and take you away
Strong's: H1197
Word #: 18 of 21
to be(-come) brutish
אֶתְכֶ֖ם H853
אֶתְכֶ֖ם
Strong's: H853
Word #: 19 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 20 of 21
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הָאָֽרֶץ׃ from the earth H776
הָאָֽרֶץ׃ from the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 21 of 21
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Analysis & Commentary

How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his bed? shall I not therefore now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth?

This verse contributes to the narrative of Ish-bosheth Murdered, emphasizing righteous vs unrighteous means. The assassination of Ish-bosheth and David's execution of the murderers demonstrates crucial distinctions between godly and ungodly means. While the result (removing Saul's dynasty) aligned with God's purposes, the method (treacherous murder) violated divine standards. Hebrew concepts of justice (mishpat, מִשְׁפָּט) and righteousness (tsedeq, צֶדֶק) permeate David's response.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 4 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding righteous vs unrighteous means provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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